See CNN report on the
http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/03/15/japan.nuclear/index.html
(It is happening.... So please prepare for it)
中新社15日電，法國核安全局將日本福島第一核電站多個核反應爐發生爆炸列為6級事故，在這個評估體系中，最高級別為7級，此前只有切爾諾貝利核電站1986年發生的核事故被列為最高的7級事故, which more than 100,000 people died across Europe and Russia。
法國核安全局主管拉科斯特（Andre-Claude Lacoste）15日表示，日本福島第一核電站二號反應堆周邊用來存放放射性廢料的混凝土容器，“已不再是密封的”。
法國核安全局在新聞發佈會上稱：“當地時間早上6點10分與上午10點先後發生的爆炸，可能對這個(存放放射性廢料的)容器造成破壞。此容器是監測到放射性物質顯著上升的源頭。”
另據報導，日本原子能與工業安全局維持福島核電站爆炸事故的級別為4級。
此外，英國政府首席科學家貝丁頓（John Beddington）表示，日本目前的核危機與切爾諾貝利核電站事故“完全不同”，日本政府的應對是恰當的。
http://www.cdnews.com.tw/cdnews_site/docDetail.jsp?coluid=109&docid=101470454
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(CNN) -- The explosion Tuesday at Japan s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant has elevated the situation there to a "serious accident" on a level just below Chernobyl, a French nuclear official said, referring to an international scale that rates the severity of such incidents.
The International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale -- or INES -- goes from Level 1, which indicates very little danger to the general population, to Level 7, a "major accident" in which there s been a large release of radioactive material and there will be widespread health and environmental effects.
"It s clear we are at Level 6, that s to say we re at a level in between what happened at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl," Andre-Claude Lacoste, president of France s nuclear safety authority, told reporters Tuesday.
Japanese nuclear authorities initially rated the incident at Level 4, according to Greg Webb of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Level 4 is characterized as a minor release of radioactive material that necessitates only measures to control food due to contamination. But in the latest information about the explosion, Japanese authorities did not give it a rating, Webb said, and the IAEA is not putting a number on it either.
Whatever the level, many experts warn that it s too early, and there s too little information, to determine what it means for the people who live in the region near the Daiichi plant.
"We don t know enough to assess the long-term or short-term effects of this," said Dr. Kirby Kemper, a noted nuclear physicist, physics professor and vice president of research at Florida State University.
Based on information from Japanese authorities, Kemper said it appears the radioactive material that has been released has mostly dissipated into the atmosphere. However, he said, authorities would have to test the soil for contamination in the 20-kilometer radius that was evacuated around the plant before anyone could return home.
Trying to place the situation on the INES scale is premature, said David Brenner, director of the Center for Radiological Research at Columbia University.
"I ve been asked to put a number on it a few times and I ve resisted," he said.
With the effort to get the reactors under control still under way and uncertainty over where winds will blow radioactive waste, there s no way of telling how much waste will be released or what impact it will have on human health, he said.
As things stood Tuesday, Brenner said he did not believe the releases that had been reported so far posed a significant public health threat. He said the situation will clarify within 48 hours, for better or for worse, at which point, he said, it would make sense to assess the incident s overall severity.
At least 30 people died following the 1986 explosion and fire at Chernobyl, and large swaths of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia were contaminated from the nuclear fallout. The core meltdown at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant near Middletown, Pennsylvania, in 1979 caused no injuries or deaths, and only very low levels of radiation were found later in plants and animals, experts said.
The latest incidents in Japan -- an explosion Tuesday at the plant s No. 2 reactor and a fire in a cooling pond used for nuclear fuel at the No. 4 reactor -- briefly pushed radiation levels at the plant to about 167 times the average annual dose of radiation, according to details released by the IAEA.
That dose would quickly dissipate with distance from the plant, and radiation levels quickly fell back to levels that posed no immediate public health threat, said Japan s chief Cabinet secretary, Yukio Edano.
But the deteriorating situation at the plant and concerns about a potential shift in winds that could loft radiation toward populated areas nevertheless prompted authorities to warn people as far as 30 kilometers (18.6 miles) away from the plant to stay inside.
"There is still a very high risk of further radioactive material coming out," Prime Minister Naoto Kan said, asking people to remain calm.
According to the information about the radioactive matter released Tuesday from Japanese authorities, Kemper said, "as long as you re sealing your house well enough you re not going to ingest it."
Another problem with trying to predict contamination is that the levels don t necessarily go down the farther you get from the source, according to David Lochbaum, director of the Nuclear Safety Project for the Union of Concerned Scientists.
"The contamination levels aren t linear, so the farther away you get doesn t necessarily mean you get a lower dose rate. Chernobyl, in some cases, had areas 100 miles away from the facility having significantly higher radiation levels than areas only 10 or 15 miles away," he explained Tuesday in a teleconference with reporters.
"The winds would carry the radioactivity and then the rainfall would bring it down to the ground to contaminate where people were, he said. "So there are a number of factors that determine where it goes and who s in harm s way."
About 200,000 people within a 20-kilometer (12.4 mile) radius of the Daiichi plant had been previously evacuated.
But Japanese authorities couldn t rule out the specter of greater radiation dangers down the road.
東京輻射超21倍 全球股災
蘋果日報 更新日期:"2011/03/16 06:30" 蘋果日報
反應爐昨連環爆 國人勿往關東旅遊
【張翠蘭、賴宇萍╱綜合報導】日本福島第一核電廠昨連環爆，二號和四號反應爐接連發生氫氣爆炸，四號爐甚至起火，核電廠周邊測得每小時400毫西弗輻射量，若持續暴露在此環境下10小時就會致命，東京也測得超過平時正常值21倍的輻射量，日本政府宣布外洩輻射量已達危害人體標準。消息一傳出，日股牽動亞股重挫，昨晚歐美股市早盤也大跌，引爆2008年金融海嘯以來的另一次全球股災。
外交部昨決定將日本東北地區、包括東京在內的關東地區，以及北海道東部和南部沿海地區，全列為不宜前往的紅色旅遊警示地區。
擬用軍機助降溫
東京電力公司福島第一核電廠的電力，受到上周五9.0地震影響中斷，一號爐和三號爐相繼氫爆，炸掉建物，二號爐前天也同樣冷卻系統失效，爐心燃料棒一度完全露出水面後，昨早6時20分（台灣時間5時20分）發生氫爆，且爐圍阻體破損，導致輻射物質外洩，東電表示「輻射量可能急劇升高」，核電廠除了50名爐心注水降溫關鍵作業人員以外，其餘750人撤出廠區。
隨後地震前已停機維修的四號爐，核廢料池疑因沸騰，導致水位下降，燃料棒裸露，發生氫爆，並引發大火。日本自衛隊及駐日美軍出動救火，火勢已被撲滅。但爆炸威力把四號爐建物的西北側牆面，炸出兩個8公尺見方的大洞。截至昨晚，四號爐的燃料池持續惡化，恐怕處於沸騰狀態，東電昨晚表示可能須出動直升軍機，空投冷卻劑阻止四號機繼續升溫。
核電廠上方禁航
東電昨晚指，牆上大洞意謂著核廢料池已暴露到外面空氣，接下來兩、三天將會透過牆上大洞灌水到過熱的燃料池。同時二號爐的混凝土圍阻體已破損，輻射直接釋放到大氣層。日本內閣官房長官枝野幸男昨指，停機的5號爐和6號爐也首度傳出溫度上升。
聯合國國際原子能總署（IAEA）表示，日方通知輻射已「直接」釋放進入大氣層。台灣時間昨上午9時22分，官房長官枝野幸男表示，核電廠三號爐附近測得輻射量每小時達400毫西弗，輻射量「的確已達危害人體標準」。
日本首相菅直人昨警告「輻射濃度已經升到很高」，除了重申福島第一核電廠方圓20公里內居民撤離，還要求30公里內居民待在室內，不要外出。日本國土交通省昨宣布以福島第一核電廠為中心，上方30公里半徑內列為禁航區；這是日本首次以高度限制劃出禁航區，禁令效力無限期。
日股跌幅10.55%
日本昨原本吹東風，把輻射塵吹向福島西南方的東京都，昨早10時，東京測得每小時0.809微西弗的輻射量，超過平常標準的0.036微西弗21倍，雖不致影響健康，但已引起民眾恐慌。爆炸過後8小時，聯合國氣象部門指日本風向已轉變，把輻射吹向太平洋，讓日本和其他亞洲國家解除輻射危機
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10美元碘片 喊到540美元
編譯中心綜合15日電 世界新聞網
March 15, 2011 03:25 PM
日本強震、海嘯與核災接踵而來，已引發民眾恐慌性購物，超市架上的罐頭食品、電池、麵包與瓶裝水全部被一掃而空，加油站也出現大排長龍的隊伍，俗稱碘片的碘化鉀（potassium iodide）也出現搶購熱潮。
日本便利商店架上的生活必需品幾乎寥寥無幾，商家只要一補貨就立即被民眾搶購一空。日本政府擔心民眾囤積物品會阻礙緊急食物救援計畫，無法將食物送到真正需要的災民手上，食品安全暨消費者事務大臣蓮舫已呼籲民眾別買不需要的物品。
隨著日本核能輻射危機擴大，防止甲狀腺遭受輻射傷害的碘片更是意外搶手，美國已出現供應短缺。
日本強震發生隔日，美國碘化鉀大廠Anbex庫存的1萬多包14錠裝鉀片旋即銷售一空，估計4月18日才會到貨。Abbex的碘片商品「Iosat」每包售價10美元，但拍賣網站電子灣（eBay）已有人喊價540美元。
Abbex總裁摩里斯（Alan Morris）表示，他們平均每分鐘接獲三批訂單，是平時每周的量。
生產液態碘化鉀的Fleming藥廠也見到訂單湧入，雖然目前每瓶13.25美元的ThyroShield口服液仍有存貨，但預料庫存將於本周銷售一空。
生產輻射曝露傷害用藥CBLB502的克里夫蘭生化科技（Cleveland）股票水漲船高，雖然該藥品尚未獲得美國食品藥物管理局（FDA）核准上市，但克里夫蘭14日股價已大漲18%，股價幾乎暴漲20倍至每股8.09美元。
攜手健贊藥廠（Genzyme）研發輻射傷害用藥的奧塞利斯製藥公司（Osiris）14日股價也攀漲6.5%。
世界衛生組織（WHO）表示，碘化鉀不是防範輻射的萬靈丹，也可能對人體有害，尤其是懷孕婦女，呼籲民眾需經醫生診斷再行服藥。
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Fire at Fourth Reactor: Is Worse Yet to Come in the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster?
Read more: http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2059232,00.html#ixzz1Giiqw9O5
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You can always play the game of, what s the worst-case situation? And the worst case can get pretty bad
--Tom Cochran, senior scientist, Natural Resources Defense Council
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From what I read/heard
it is grade 6 nuclear crisis now , rather than grade 4
whether the Radioactive substance will cause harm to Taiwan s resident
I don t know now, but prepare for the worse is important now.
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May God Bless Japan, Taiwan and whole world! |
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